POSTED BY on 4:30 pm under ,

I thought this was interesting - showing just how much cyber crime there really is. Cyber crime is bigger than the drug trade!?! Whoa boy!
It's amazing how many people in the world own a reasonable PC that is connected to a fast / Broadband internet connection that have no idea their machine is compromised.

The internet is a fertile field for techno master-crims and their enslaved laptop-dancers wreaking DDOS havoc. I know because I fear I'm one of those slaves!

I am worried that I may be a zombie. It's nothing specific or obvious to onlookers yet, but I guess I wouldn't know or care if it was.

I'm not walking funny or taking on the signature pasty complexion of the undead. And if I have infected some of my friends, please accept that I would be truly sorry if my emotional responses were not instructed by another.

It's those instructions that have Bluestone thinking there is some virtual voodoo at play here, my email inbox is lousy with them and each day there are more. I may be waiting for the ultimate directive, a good-to-go sign on my part in global destruction.

In the meantime they, (whoever they are) seem to know my secret anxieties about money, property and cheap computer software, but most of all they are casting aspersions on my male endowment. I never used to worry about such things but it can get to you after a while, receiving a daily stream of emails with titles like: "Is that all you've got?", "She's laughing at you little boy" or less prosaically "Hey Needle Dick!" It's hurtful and totally unnecessary.

Fortunately, I had a long talk to the man who runs the internet this morning and he has reassured me greatly. About the internet, that is. The other problem may require years of therapy, if not surgery.

Dr Paul Twomey, 46, is the president of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Twomey doesn't actually run the internet, nobody does. ICANN is a not-for-profit company responsible for the global co-ordination of the internet's system of unique identifiers. This includes domain names and the addresses used in a variety of internet protocols. Computers use these identifiers to reach each other over the net.

ICANN's global stakeholders meet regularly to develop policies that ensure the net's ongoing security and stability. Twomey tried to explain this to his Dad up in Dalby in western Queensland but he still tells his mates round town that young Paul runs the internet. But no he can't do anything about the porn, Twomey senior says.

If there was no ICANN, the internet would still run tomorrow but perhaps not next month, says Twomey Jnr. This inorganic beast needs no central control, no heart or brain but Twomey says ICANN is like the nervous system, providing some feedback to the world when problems like the zombie thing come up.

It's possible that an evil "botnet" has added this laptop to a network of "zombie" computers which follows his every command. (He's responsible for all the spelling and grammatical errors.) Imagine a botnet as the head of a crime family who commands total obedience from his team of zombies. Any computer the botnet can infiltrate becomes one of his zombies.

The control may be as minor as directing you to spam all the people in your contact book with the same junk emails you have been getting. Annoying - but hardly world ending. Where it becomes more sinister is where an army of zombies is used in co-ordinated assaults on major public and private computer networks, otherwise known as Distributed Denials of Service (DDOS).

In a DDOS, the zombies attack the target server en masse which, under a withering assault, simply can't cope and shuts down. It's the new global standover racket, says Twomey.

A bank or a major corporation experiences an attack or two of the killer zombies and they will pay anything to avoid it, says Twomey. And a number of major corporates, particularly in Europe, are paying this extortion money every week, no questions asked.

Traditional standover has limitations as a business. You can standover a street or two, maybe even a suburb, if you have enough muscle. But beyond that scale your capacity to enforce becomes largely theoretical. Challenges come thick and fast. Without resort to real violence, the standover man soon gets stoodover.

But on the internet, the world is your neighbourhood. Twomey says there is now a nexus between botnets and organised crime. Botnets, mostly based in eastern Europe and north Asia can rent out their zombies to third party crooks seeking to mount their own DDOS attacks.

As if being a zombie is not bad enough, I may one day become a slave zombie, a hapless virtual soldier in an attack on a bank or an insurance company. At least if the botnet offered to whack up some of the proceeds it wouldn't be so bad, but that isn't how this thing works. My zombie will may be only worth a dime to some botnet in Eastern Europe.

What's really scary is that the next version of the internet promises an explosion of the potential zombie population. Currently there are 4.2 billion addresses on the net, in version 6, there will be 340 trillion trillion trillion, if one can grasp such a number.

Already cyber crime has outstripped the global drug trade in value. With virtually every household appliance from the fridge to the garden watering system to every component of every piece of manufacture soon to have its own web address, the potential for virtual villainy is truly epic. Attacks on supply chains in private sector industry could even prevent governments mobilising its national assets in times of war. That's the downside of allowing private companies to control the military supply chain.

ICANN can't stop any of this, it can only alert us. It controls one of the 150 root servers that lie at the heart of the internet but it has no capacity to regulate. All over the world botnets are gathering their zombies ready for the DDOS attacks. In version 6, when daily life is controlled by the internet the final battle shall be joined. Beloved botnet, I await your will and whim.

Attack of the killer zombies

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POSTED BY on 2:06 pm under ,,

Grant and I had a chat at Mullies last night about Autopatcher which is an alternative way of updating your Windows XP & Vista system rather than using Windows/Microsoft Update. These alternatives that download patches for multiple uses are very handy for someone like Grant that repairs and updates lots of machines and ends up downloading the same files over and over and using up his internet bandwidth.

I had this article saved for a while and have been meaning to post - it's a review of alternative methods of update.

Those tech savvy people with Grant's problem - stay with Autopatcher! The author is working on an updated version that will circumvent the problems he was having with Microsoft. Rather than downloading the patches from the Autopatcher site he is changing the program to download the patches from Microsoft. The key is though that once you have downloaded them from the official source once Autopatcher will be able to use them over and over - a neat work around to the problem. For more information see this discussion at the Autopatcher site
Autopatcher - new version under construction

Article from Windows Secrets:

My Sept. 20 and Sept. 27 articles about silent and flawed upgrades involving Windows Update have made many people wonder whether they should really trust Microsoft's installer.
Fortunately, there are alternatives to Windows Update that will keep your system fully patched without costing you a dime.


It's easy to replace Windows Update's functions

In my previous columns, I reported that Windows Update has been periodically installing at least a few small executable files without notice to users, even when those users have selected a do-not-install option in the Automatic Updates control panel. This stealthy behaviour upsets many people, but they don't want to completely do without a method of installing new security patches from Microsoft.
Windows Update (WU) does three things when it scans a PC: it determines which upgrades are needed, downloads the relevant files, and ultimately installs them. Fortunately, you can replace each of these tasks without spending any money.
In doing so, you give up some of the ease of automation offered by WU and Microsoft Update, WU's big brother, which also upgrades Microsoft Office applications. But the good news is that using alternatives makes it easier to update software from all major vendors, not just Microsoft.
In two previous articles, I explained how to determine which security upgrades a system needs. The best free scanner to diagnose your patching needs is currently Secunia.com's
Online Software Inspector. My Sept. 9 article explains how to use the service with Internet Explorer. A Sept. 13 article explains the steps using Firefox.
I'll show you today how to add to your monthly Software Inspector routine an alternative to Windows Update.
Not many completely free alternatives exist, but there are a few that are worth examining:
• The Software Patch
• Windows Updates Downloader
• Microsoft Download Center
• AutoPatcher
• WindizUpdate

The Software Patch is my number-one pick

The best updating tool I've found is a service called
The Software Patch (SP). This Web site provides not only Microsoft security updates but also a great deal more. The site includes necessary hardware drivers and updates, Microsoft Office and WordPerfect service packs, patches for Adobe and Corel products, updates for games, and more.

Pros of using SP. The Software Patch has many positive attributes:

  • The site is well organized, grouping its downloads hierarchically by product type (hardware or software), then by subcomponent, and finally by whether an update is "essential" or "optional."
  • The service links to the vendors' own sites (Microsoft, Adobe, etc.) to download updates, so you don't have to worry that the patches were somehow altered by a third party. Since SP doesn't store patches on its own server, the service is unlikely to run into legal tangles with Microsoft.
  • I was able to download and install a handful of Windows patches from Software Patch on a test machine. Windows Update had failed to install these same patches due to the bug I reported in the Sept. 27 issue.
Cons of using SP. No site is perfect, of course. Among the downsides to using the Software Patch are the following:
  • The site is supported by advertising, including pop-up ads, some of which manage to evade pop-up blockers.
  • The site has no downloads for Windows 2000 or earlier versions of the OS.
  • Navigating to Microsoft.com via SP doesn't mean you'll necessarily avoid being checked by Redmond's servers for Windows Genuine Advantage (WGA) compliance. For example, if you download Microsoft's Windows Defender, a WGA check is built into the program's installer. (But also note that Microsoft.com doesn't currently require WGA compliance to obtain most of its security patches rated "critical.")
  • Software Patch lacks some useful tools found at Microsoft's Download Center — for example, MBSA (Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer). In cases like this, you can usually find an alternative source for the program. For example, FileHippo.com offers a download of MBSA, both the current version 2.0.1 and the beta version 2.1.

The Software Patch
Figure 1. The Software Patch site provides ways to upgrade a wide variety of products.

Other system-updating possibilities fall short

In addition to Software Patch, other solutions have may have value for some users.
The Windows Updates Downloader is Microsoft-only. If you find yourself downloading a large number of Microsoft updates every month, you may like a free utility called Windows Updates Downloader (WUD).
Created by Jean-Sebastien Carle, a frequent contributor to MSFN (Microsoft Software Forum Network), WUD makes it easy to select which patches you need and then download them all with a single click. Although WUD was designed to slipstream updates into new installs of Windows, it can also be used for downloading patches for existing installations.
Unfortunately, the tool is designed to download Microsoft patches only; it provides no options for getting updates for non-Microsoft products. In addition, keeping up to date requires you to download new Update Lists from the WUD site each month. And because the product automates downloading only, you still have to launch each update's installer one by one.
Microsoft Download Center is disorganized. Another option that avoids using MU or WU is to use the Securities & Updates section of Microsoft's own Download Center, where you can obtain patches, documentation, and other tools.
Unfortunately for the average user, the listings at this Microsoft site are not well organized, with important patches mixed in with optional utilities, technical seminars, and other content. Moreover, it offers no patches for non-Microsoft products.
AutoPatcher is out of commission. Until recently, one popular source of patches for Windows and other products was AutoPatcher. Unfortunately for the service's fans, however, Microsoft requested that the site suspend its offerings in August. The software giant cited security concerns, because patches were being stored on AutoPatcher's server instead of being downloaded directly from Microsoft.
Despite that setback, project leader Antonis Kaladis hopes to launch a comparable replacement service, perhaps as soon as this month, according to a post on the AutoPatcher site. Until then, users must content themselves with other sources for patches.
WindizUpdate isn't up to snuff. Another patch-download site is WindizUpdate, owned by Phil Young of Auckland, New Zealand. Unfortunately, the site requires an unsigned plug-in for your browser, frequently asks to scan your Registry, and lacks updates for non-Microsoft applications. Editorial director Brian Livingston gave the service a tepid review in the Windows Secrets Newsletter on June 29, 2006.
Keeping your system up to date requires that you analyze, download, and install patches on a regular basis. Secunia's Online Software Inspector does a great job of system analysis. In addition, The Software Patch gives you one-stop upgrades for a variety of platforms and applications.
The Software Patch is the clear winner for patch downloading. In combination with Secunia's service, The Software Patch is a welcome solution. If you need to keep Windows 2000 patched, however, the Windows Updates Downloader can be a useful assistant as well.

Get free patching without Windows Update

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POSTED BY on 9:58 am under ,

How many times have you wished Notepad had tabs, Paint supported layers or Windows Explorer let you bookmark frequently-used folders? Power users need power utilities, and Windows' default system programs barely get the job done. Over time third-party developers have stepped up and built superior replacements to programs like Notepad, Paint, Windows Explorer and the Command Prompt. Get the simple jobs done smarter, faster and more efficiently with some of the best Windows utility power replacements - all of which are free downloads.

notepadplus.png

Built-in: Notepad
Power replacement: Notepad++
What you get: Tabbed, multiple document windows and support for lots more beyond plain text - like HTML and other programming languages, with code and markup collapsibility and plugins. Free and open source.

Built in: Windows Explorer
Power replacement: Xplorer2
What you get: What don't you get? Three-panel tabbed interface, the folder set bookmarking and full FTP support to name a few features. See more on replacing Windows Explorer with Xplorer 2. Free version available with paid upgrade.

Built in: Paint
Power replacement: Paint.NET
What you get: Open multiple images in one window and edit image layers, remove red eye and Ctrl+Z to your heart's content with a history of undoable actions. Freeware.

Built in: Alt-Tab
Power replacement: Alt-Tab PowerToy
What you get: Dynamic window previews (versus the plain old application icon) for more informative switching. Free download from Microsoft.

Built in: Taskbar date and time
Power replacement: QuickMonth
What you get: A monthly calendar pops up directly from the taskbar just by hovering over it with your mouse, avoiding the "Adjust date and time" click. Freeware.

Built in: Add/Remove Programs (in Control Panel)
Power replacement: Revo Uninstaller or My Uninstaller
What you get: Fast one-click program removal that scrubs all traces of the software from your system. Both are free.


Built in: Start menu and Run box
Power replacement: Launchy
What you get: Start programs, web site URL's, run commands or open documents from the Launchy, er, launcher. See more on how to take Launchy beyond application launching, tweak Launchy to your liking and run terminal commands in Launchy.

Built in: Task manager
Power replacement: Process Explorer
What you get: Get more information about that process that's hanging your PC with Process Explorer, which lists which DLL's tasks use and offers a handy Google search for a process name within its interface. Freeware.


Built in: Wifi network detector
Power replacement: NetStumbler
What you get: When Windows' built-in wireless network detector is slow - or simply not seeing the network everyone sitting around you can - grab NetStumbler, which can even detect networks that don't broadcast their SSID, with signal strength and encryption status.

Built in: Command Prompt
Power replacement: Cygwin (for Unix interface) or PowerShell
What you get: More commands - and more familiar commands, for those of us who work on *nix platforms when we're not on Windows - are available in the Cygwin Unix emulator and Microsoft's own new PowerShell command prompt apps. Wanna get good with Cygwin? Check out our tutorials: part 1, part 2, and part 3. Cygwin users should also check out Poderosa for tabbed terminal fun. Both are free downloads.


Built in: Windows Task Scheduler
Power replacement: Xecutor
What you get: Manage your startup and shutdown as well as scheduled tasks while your PC is on. Free download.

Built in: Windows Explorer archive extractor
Power replacement: 7-Zip or ALZip
What you get: Windows can only handle vanilla .zip files on its own, but 7-Zip and ALZip can extract and bundle any kind of archive file you throw at it. Free.


Built in: Windows Explorer file copy operation
Power replacement: TeraCopy
What you get: Speedier, pausable, practically fail-proof file copying, especially useful when you're transferring huge sets of files between folders. Free.

Built in: Defrag
Power replacement: JkDefrag GUI
What you get: Scheduled defrags, file optimisation, and the option to include/exclude directories, plus a screensaver that visualizes your defrag when your PC is idle and hasn't been defragged for a user-defined amount of time. Free.

Built in: Calculator
Power replacement: Power Calculator
What you get: Graph and evaluate functions, and perform conversions in this mathlete's dream calculator.

On a Windows tweaking tear? Check out our previous features, Top 10 free Windows downloads and Top Windows tweaks.

What are your favourite Windows utility power replacements? Let us know in the comments.

Geek To Live: Power replacements for built-in Windows utilities - Lifehacker

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POSTED BY on 11:37 pm under ,,,,,,

Not many surprises here. Firefox is #1 and the list includes a number of excellent programs. I use 7zip as my default zip program, Gaim (now called Pidgin) as my default Messenger and Syncback runs every day to back up my work PC. I have used and like Picasa & Notepad++ but I prefer Notetab Light. Foxit Reader is an excellent alternative to Adobe Reader and a much smaller download.

In addition to these I also use and recommend

AI Roboform - website password store

Utorrent - Torrent download client

Mozilla Thunderbird - open source mail client - much better then Outlook Express

Gmail - for online email access and enormous email store

AVG antivirus - free av program with low resource

What free software do you use - email and let us know

top-10-free-windows-downloads-head.png

LH Top 10: Free Windows Downloads - Lifehacker

POSTED BY on 4:11 pm under ,

some great short tips here - check it out

Digital Photography » Blog »

Improve Your Photos 60 Seconds at a Time

If you are tired of reading long explanations and confused by tricky photo techniques, here you can have it short and sweet. Arranged by topics, each subject takes less than 60 seconds to read.

Once you’ve read the ideas and tips, picture in your mind some photographs you have already taken. Think of how they could have been improved by applying what you have learned here. Visualize how you might have taken your photos differently. Already your photography is improving!

Light | Landscaping | People | Color | Composition | Being Ready

Light

Dancing with the light

Dancing with light
  • Light from the side brings out shapes, textures and structures. That's why early morning and evening are rich times to photograph.
  • With the sun behind your subject, you get some of the most dramatic visual effects ... but exposure could be tricky to get right. Try it anyway!
  • When the sun is high and the light is hard, don't fight it to try to get it all. Concentrate on exposing the bright parts properly and work with the shapes of shadows.
  • For light and shadow effects you need the sun, of course, but colours are often more intense on half-sunny or overcast days.

Colour of colour

The color of color
  • Natural light is white, while artificial light is often shades of yellow, orange or green.
  • Our eyes naturally adjust to colored or tinted light sources to make them appear white and so will your digital camera but only within certain limits
  • If you want warm-colored pictures work earlier or later in the day when natural light tends to be more orange.
  • This image shows warm light from an evening sun but bluish shadows from the cloudless sky

Mastering Flash

Mastering flash
  • Balance the flash with day light for stunning results. Your camera may offer a ‘slow flash’ or ‘synchro flash’ or ‘daylight synchro’ setting.
  • Direct flash on groups of people produces better-looking images than direct flash on a single person.
  • The latest cameras allow you to set high ISO speeds e.g. ISO 800 which can help avoid using flash altogether.
  • Avoid red-eye by turning up or providing more light in the room.
  • If you use your camera’s red-eye reduction setting when taking flash photographs of people you avoid red-eye, but there’s a delay in taking the shot which may cause you to miss the moment.

Choosing your time

Choosing your time
  • Low or cross lighting at dawn or dusk produces wonderful lighting and colors.
  • At dawn and dusk there are natural shadows to help give depth and form to your subject.
  • For early evening shots, you will need longer shutter times i.e. longer exposure to make up for the low light. This makes it likely your photographs could be blurry due to camera shake, so lean your camera on something – anything steady - to keep still during exposure.
  • Don’t be afraid to point the lens at a setting sun , but whatever you do avoid looking at the sun directly, especially through the viewfinder of your camera.

Landscaping your photos

Composition essentials

Composition essentials
  • It’s best to keep your horizons level in your photographs, otherwise your shots will appear crooked (unless that’s what you want!).
  • Keep the main points of interest away from the centre, and from the extreme edges – better, still, try placing them in different parts of the image and see which works best.
  • Don’t shoot everything from a standing position. Look for unusual angles by changing yours (and the camera’s position).
  • Better to avoid completely empty space in your photos.

Framing the lines

Framing the lines
  • Don’t be afraid to use take portrait photographs – that is, with the camera on its side.
  • Use natural features in the environment to create a frame for your subject or to lead the eye through the image.
  • Zoom in to create a sense of intimacy. Remove from your shots elements like the sun or the sky, which give a feeling of open space.
  • Experiment with framing. Try framing your shots with lots of foreground and very little sky, or lots of sky and very little land.

zooming around

Zooming around
  • Zooming-out allows you to capture more of the view.
  • A wide-angle lens will keep everything in focus while helping to maximise the ‘depth of field’, or feeling of depth in your shots.
  • Zooming-in will flatten the sense of perspective and make distant objects appear closer together.
  • Zooming-in will also affect the amount of your picture that is in focus allowing you to isolate details against an out-of-focus foreground and/or background.
  • Be careful to avoid camera shake when zoomed right in, as tiny movements in your hands become magnified.

Perspective

Prospecting the perspective
  • Create perspective by using the lines and shapes within the shot to draw the eye.
  • Tall buildings can appear to ‘lean back’ when photographed. Getting something in the foreground of your shot helps balance this.
  • Increase the sense of perspective by using a wide-angle lens and adding foreground interest.
  • A low viewpoint and wide-angle setting helps to contrast the size and shape of objects in interesting ways.

Foreground

Foregrounding
  • Foreground is the area that is closest to the camera: the stronger it is, the stronger the rest of the image.
  • An object in the foreground first invites the eye, then lead the viewer deeper into the photo.
  • Include foreground objects to add a sense of scale and perspective
  • Experiment with allowing the foreground to totally dominate the photo

Cool proportions

Cool proportions
  • The central part of your scene usually draws the camera like a magnet so it ends up in the centre – try resisting that tendency
  • Place the main point of interest towards the sides of your photographs for more dynamic compositions
  • Place your horizon near the top or bottom of your shots to add emphasis to the ground or to the sky
  • In this picture you can see there is a smallish amount of sky while the rocks have been placed high in the image to allow the silhouette of the trees to be significant.

People with you

Lighting faces

Lighting faces
  • The soft light you get on overcast days is especially good for photographing people, as it delivers the best skin tones
  • Side or ‘cross’ lighting is more interesting because it gives depth and form to your portrait sitter
  • Keep backgrounds and other distractions to the minimum so that the viewer can concentrate on the face
  • In this picture, soft light from a window lights the faces of the girls from the side, while a zoomed-in setting throws the foreground face out of focus.

Depth of feeling

Depth of feeling
  • Use your zoom lens to shorten the ‘depth of field’ (depth sharpness) in your photograph, and throw the background out of focus. This adds emphasis to your subject.
  • Use your zoom lens to fill your photograph, rather than leaving your main point of interest floating in space.
  • Zooming in will flatten perspective, which generally produces a more flattering shot of your subject.
  • In this picture, a zoomed-in setting focuses on the girl, throwing the foreground objects out of focus.

Natural frame

Natural frames
  • Use a person’s surroundings to be a natural picture frame the photo
  • People will often smile and pose stiffly for their portrait: if you don’t want a smile take two or more pictures – a second or two after a smile, the pose relaxes and you have a more natural shot.
  • Look for the natural junctions of the human body (where it seems natural to ‘cut-off’) if you are not including the whole person in the shot.
  • Soft light is easiest to work with: try sitting your subject near a window.

Childish tricks

Childish tricks
  • Get the children used to you and the camera by firing off lots of shots first.
  • For small children , pre-focus the camera. This is done on most digital cameras by pressing down halfway on the shutter button. Then move yourself backwards and forwards with the child to keep the shot in focus.
  • Get down on your hands and knees to stay level with your subject and appear less intimidating.
  • Use something to draw the child’s attention away from the fact that they are having their photograph taken.

Coloring the essentials

Bolder colours

Bolder colors
  • Redder colors will create a warmer feel for your shots than blues or greens.
  • color affects the way we look at pictures, so try to use color creatively in your shots.
  • Look for images that contain contrasting colors, such as red and green or yellow and purple, to add tension or drama.
  • Using shades of the same colors will create a sense of harmony.

Free light

The best light is free
  • Bright sunlight gives colors a more intense or ‘saturated’ feel.
  • Midday light has a bluer quality, which can give photos a harsher feel.
  • Try to place strong colors against large areas of even tone or color – this helps bring out their intensity
  • Look for color contrasts – red with blues and greens, for example.
  • Photographs taken at the beginning or end of the day will have a warmer tone due to the natural orangeness of the light.

Emotional colors

Emotional colors
  • Different dominant colors lead your viewer towards different emotions which impacts on the way your shot is experienced
  • Yellow is associated with happiness, but orange may moves us toward concern – hence the use of amber as a warning light.
  • Red is the universal color of warning. Use it with caution – a little bit of red in your shot goes a long way!
  • Greens and blues usually have a calming effect, hence their association with landscape
  • The many colors in this shot are held together by the large areas of yellows, giving it an unmistakeable sunny Mediterranean mood.

Composition

Lines of force

Lines of force
  • You can create a sense of direction using naturally occurring lines.
  • Slanting or ‘oblique’ lines imply movement, action and change.
  • Curved lines or S-shaped lines imply quiet, calm and sensual feelings.
  • Lines that converge imply depth, scale and distance, for example, the outer edges of a road converge as it disappears into the distance, giving a two-dimension image three-dimensional depth.
  • Repetitive elements create a sense of rhythm, which is often more interesting if the rhythm is broken by a missed element.

rule of thirds

Thirds
  • Imagine two horizontal and two vertical lines equally dividing your shot, then place subjects on the lines or where they intersect with each other: this can be a help in deciding on compositions
  • Place your horizon on the top or bottom line to add emphasis to the ground or to the sky respectively.
  • In this picture, the composition combines color contrasts with proportions closer to another principle, the Golden Section, which gives pleasing proportions.
  • Just pushing your composition slightly to one side so it feels a little uncomfortable can give your photos a dynamic it wouldn’t otherwise have.

Focusing away

Focusing away
  • The human eye is drawn to elements that are in focus, and this will influence how your photo is seen.
  • Auto-focus (standard on most digital cameras) will focus on what is in the centre of the frame. Use pre-focus to move your subject away from the centre of the frame. (This is done on most digital cameras by pressing down halfway on the shutter button.)
  • Use your zoom lens to reduce the ‘depth of field’ (sense of depth) and throw the background out of focus. This will emphasize any in-focus element in the foreground.
    Photo © Wendy Ang

Being ready

Drive your motor

Drive your motor
  • Take lots of pictures. With digital cameras shots cost you hardly anything at all.
  • Move around as you photograph to experiment and give yourself plenty of choice later.
  • Stay alert for that chance-of-a-lifetime shot: keep your camera turned ON, keep your mind switched to ON.
  • In this picture, the golden eagle put its wing on the falconer for only a few very short seconds, and the falconer grinned for even less time!

Vantage points

Vantage points
  • It is almost always worth clambering up a wall or steps to get a little higher – but don’t get yourself into trouble with authorities.
  • You may also have to wait for the best light.
  • And you might have to wait for a composition of passing people to arrange itself
  • The best position may depend on the zoom setting that you choose.
  • In this picture, I had to wait nearly thirty minutes for everyone to get themselves into position.

Shutter lag

Shutter lag
  • Shutter lag is the time a digital camera needs to capture a picture after you have pressed the shutter button.
  • Reduce shutter lag by focusing beforehand, hold the shutter button down half-way or half-pressure and wait for the moment.
  • Reduce shutter lag by turning off any unnecessary automatic features such as red-eye reduction.
  • In this picture, the only way to catch the air force jets at the right instant was to release the shutter just before they reached their ideal positions.

Always ready

Always ready
  • If you see a good picture you may be early: an even better one may come in a few seconds
  • Get your exposure and focusing and framing set up while you wait for the perfect shot
  • Hold the camera to your eye all the time; in the half-second it takes lift the camera you could miss the shot
  • In this picture, I spotted the shepherd from a car, screeched/skidded to a halt, got the car to disappear and waited for the flock to approach me – using the time to work out the best viewpoint to meet them.

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